200140.vtt
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WEBVTT
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PTCA, or percutaneous transluminal
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coronary angioplasty, is a minimally invasive
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procedure that opens blocked coronary arteries
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to improve blood flow to the heart muscle.
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First, a local anesthesia numbs the groin area.
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Then, the doctor puts a needle into the
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femoral artery, the artery
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that runs down the leg.
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The doctor inserts a guide wire through
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the needle,
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removes the needle,
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and replaces it with an introducer,
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an instrument with two ports for inserting
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flexible devices.
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Then the original guide wire
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is replaced by a thinner wire.
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The doctor passes a long narrow tube called
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a diagnostic catheter over the new wire,
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through the introducer, and into the artery.
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Once it's in, the doctor guides it to the aorta and removes the guide wire.
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With the catheter at the opening of a coronary artery,
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the doctor injects dye and takes an X-ray.
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If it shows a treatable blockage,
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the doctor backs the catheter out and replaces it with a guiding catheter,
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before removing the wire.
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An even thinner wire is inserted and guided across the blockage.
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A balloon catheter is then guided to the blockage site.
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The balloon is inflated for a few seconds
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to compress the blockage against the artery wall.
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Then it's deflated.
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The doctor may inflate the balloon a few more times,
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each time filling it a little more to widen the passage.
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This may then be repeated at each blocked or narrowed site.
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The doctor may also place a stent,
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a latticed metal scaffold,
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within the coronary artery to keep it open.
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Once the compression is done,
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dye is injected and an X-ray is taken to check for changes in the arteries.
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Then the catheter is removed and the procedure is complete.